Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of MedicineAbstractはじめに新型コロナウイルス（SARS-CoV-2）に対するmRNAワクチンによる予防策は，COVID-19予防に一定の成果を挙げるだけでなく，医療全般においてもmRNA医薬という新たなツールをもたらした．がん治療においても，がん免疫療法の一つであるがんワクチン療法として新たな展開が期待されてい名古屋大学大学院医学系研究科微生物・免疫学講座分子細胞免疫学 ― 207 ―SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have been shown to be effective in preventing COVID-19. mRNA vaccines have several advantages over traditional ones, and hence the therapeutic use of mRNA has fueled great hope to a wide range of diseases, including cancer. mRNA vaccines are expected to be a new approach in cancer immunotherapy. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines can reportedly induce multiple immune responses, such as cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody. Here, we investigated the detailed immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in healthy individuals and cancer patients after mRNA vaccination. To address CD8+ T cell responses, we predicted the SARS-CoV-2 spike peptide epitopes restricted to HLA-A*02:01 and HLA-A*24:02, the most common HLA class I alleles in Japanese population. Among peptides screened, HLA-A*02:01-restricted and HLA-A*24:02-restricted healthy individuals responded to SARS-CoV-2-S269 and SARS-CoV-2-S448 peptides, respectively, with IFN-γ+TNFα+ responses in CD8+ T cells. The CD8+ T cell responses were further confirmed using S269- or S448-peptide-MHC tetramers. More importantly, these SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells were also identified in patients with cancer at the similar level with healthy individuals. These results suggest a potential application of mRNA vaccine for cancer therapy.がん及び新興感染症に対する免疫解析の融合によるDevelopment of novel cancer immunotherapyby integration of immunological responsesto cancer and emerging infectious diseases新規免疫治療の開発西川 博嘉Hiroyoshi Nishikawa
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