図2.― 152 ―2. Kumagai, S., Koyama, S. & Nishikawa, H. Antitumour immunity regulated by aberrant ERBB family signalling. Nat Rev Cancer, 21, 181-197, doi:10.1038/s41568-020-00322-0 (2021).3. Kumagai, S. et al. The PD-1 expression balance between effector and regulatory T cells predicts the clinical efficacy of PD-1 blockade therapies. Nat Immunol, 21, 1346-1358, doi:10.1038/s41590-020-0769-3 (2020).4. Kumagai, S. et al. Lactic acid promotes PD-1 expression in regulatory T cells in highly glycolytic tumor microenvironments. Cancer Cell, doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2022.01.001 (2022).5. Pujol, J. L. et al. A Randomized Non-Comparative Phase II Study of Anti-Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 Atezolizumab or Chemotherapy as Second-Line Therapy in Patients With Small Cell Lung Cancer: Results From the IFCT-1603 Trial. J Thorac Oncol, 14, 903-913, doi:10.1016/j.jtho.2019.01.008 (2019).6. Spigel, D. R. et al. Second-line nivolumab in relapsed small-cell lung cancer: CheckMate 331(☆). Ann Oncol, 32, 631-641, doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2021.01.071 (2021).7. Horn, L. et al. First-Line Atezolizumab plus Chemotherapy in Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer. N Engl J Med, 379, 2220-2229, doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1809064 (2018).8. Paz-Ares, L. et al. Durvalumab plus platinum-etoposide versus platinum-etoposide in first-line treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (CASPIAN): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet, 394, 1929-1939, doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(19)32222-6 (2019).9. Strosberg, J. et al. Efficacy and Safety of Pembrolizumab in Previously Treated Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors: Results From the Phase II KEYNOTE-158 Study. Clin Cancer Res, 26, 2124-2130, doi:10.1158/1078-0432.Ccr-19-3014 (2020).おわりに今後セロトニン経路の阻害によりICIやDLL3-TCEといったがん免疫療法の効果を改善する可能性を示し,予後不良な神経内分泌癌のさらなる治療開発に結び付ける予定である.謝 辞研究助成をいただきました公益財団法人 中外創薬科学財団の皆様に心より感謝申し上げます.引用文献 1. Kumagai, S. et al. An Oncogenic Alteration Creates a Microenvironment that Promotes Tumor Progression by Conferring a Metabolic Advantage to Regulatory T Cells. Immunity, 53, 187-203.e188, doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2020.06.016 (2020).
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