国立研究開発法人国立がん研究センター先端医療開発センター免疫TR分野Abstractはじめに免疫チェックポイント阻害剤(ICI)は科学的に証明されたがん治療であるが，単剤での奏効率は20～30パーセント程度であり，効果予測バイオマーカーや効果を高める新規治療法の開発が喫緊の課題である．抗腫瘍免疫応答の中心的な役割を担うのはCD8陽性T細胞であるが，自己への過剰な免疫応答を防ぐ機構として活性化制御性T細胞(eTreg)の役割が知られており，がん免疫分野においても，その腫瘍浸潤の程度は患者予後不良と関連するなど，重要性が明らかになっている．これまで申Division of cancer immunology EPOC, National Cancer Center― 148 ―Lung cancer is the deadliest cancer type in the world. Both small cell lung cancer and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma are classified as high-grade lung neuroendocrine carcinomas and are among the worst prognosis histologic types of lung cancer. Combination therapy with chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has been clinically applied to small cell lung cancer, but the efficacy is very limited. In addition, no standard treatment has been established for large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Recently, the efficacy of bispecific T cell-guided antibodies (TCE) for small cell lung cancer has been demonstrated and is expected to be a new therapeutic strategy, but still more than half of patients do not benefit. Therefore, there is a strong need to develop novel therapies for lung neuroendocrine carcinoma. Understanding the immune environment at the tumor site is crucial for the development of novel cancer immunotherapies. This study will elucidate the mechanism of resistance of neuroendocrine carcinomas to immunotherapy by examining in detail the effects of neurotransmitters produced locally in the tumor of neuroendocrine carcinomas on anti-tumor immune responses.小細胞肺がんにおける抗腫瘍免疫応答の抑制機構の全貌解明A Complete Picture of the Suppression Mechanismof Antitumor Immune Responses in Small Cell Lung Cancer熊谷 尚悟Shogo Kumagai
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